Partisan Communities and Affective Polarization


Journal article


Adam H. Smiley, Cheryl R. Kaiser
Social Psychological and Personality Science (in press), PsyArXiv, 2025

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APA   Click to copy
Smiley, A. H., & Kaiser, C. R. (2025). Partisan Communities and Affective Polarization. Social Psychological and Personality Science (in Press).


Chicago/Turabian   Click to copy
Smiley, Adam H., and Cheryl R. Kaiser. “Partisan Communities and Affective Polarization.” Social Psychological and Personality Science (in press) (2025).


MLA   Click to copy
Smiley, Adam H., and Cheryl R. Kaiser. “Partisan Communities and Affective Polarization.” Social Psychological and Personality Science (in Press), PsyArXiv, 2025.


BibTeX   Click to copy

@article{smiley2025a,
  title = {Partisan Communities and Affective Polarization},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Social Psychological and Personality Science (in press)},
  publisher = {PsyArXiv},
  author = {Smiley, Adam H. and Kaiser, Cheryl R.}
}

Abstract

 
American communities have become increasingly politically homogenous (Bishop & Cushing, 2008), with affective polarization, a form of animosity between political groups, concurrently on the rise (Iyengar et al., 2019). We hypothesized that individuals living in areas with greater proportions of out-partisans would report lower levels of affective polarization. In Study 1, 2016 American National Election Study respondents (N = 3,378) living in counties with more out-partisans averaged lower levels of party-directed affective polarization, controlling for partisan, policy, and demographic factors. In Study 2 (N = 362 via Prolific), similar analyses revealed that American partisans with more out-partisans in their counties and precincts reported lower levels of social distance from out-party members and greater cross-party contact, but not significantly lower voter-directed affective polarization. Cross-party contact mediated the relationship between the percentage of out-partisans in a community and affective polarization, highlighting the intersection of place and psychology in understanding this societal challenge. 

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